Transfertde donnĂ©es mac a mac RĂ©solu/Ferm Le protocole de transfert n'est pas le mĂȘme et donc, le simple fait de mettre des fiches diffĂ©rentes Ă  chaque extrĂ©mitĂ© d'un cĂąble ne peut suffire. Bonne journĂ©e 0. Signaler; Posez votre question Rejoignez la communautĂ© et devenez membre en quelques clics. Connectez-vous simplement avec ceux qui partagent vos intĂ©rĂȘts Letransfert avec l’assistant de migration semble fonctionner malgrĂ© le temps de 63 heures qui vous est annoncĂ©, mais cela peut ĂȘtre normal en fonction de la quantitĂ© de donnĂ©es que les Mac doivent s’échanger. L’échange se fait via le rĂ©seau de votre box internet, il faut que les ordinateurs restent bien connectĂ©s Ă  votre Wi-Fi. Aucuneinstallation n'est nĂ©cessaire, il suffit de relier vos 2 ordinateurs entre eux, une icĂŽne s'ouvrira alors automatiquement et vous n'aurez plus qu'Ă  lancer les 2 fenĂȘtres de partage de fichiers et dĂ©placez vos fichiers d'un pc vers un autre. soitla sauvegarde s'est faite avec time machine, et dans ce cas, c'est time machine qui remettra les donnĂ©es sur le nouveau mac dĂšs qu'il le propose (si vous avez dĂ©jĂ  crĂ©er une nouvelle session sur le mac, il faudra lancer l'assistant migration) ; soit vous avez juste copiĂ© Ă  la main vos donnĂ©es, dans ce cas je vous invite Ă  utiliser l'ancien Alorsvous trouverez dans cette article toutes les astuces vous permettant de rĂ©initialiser Mac sans perdre des donnĂ©es. Partie 1. PrĂ©paratifs pour la rĂ©initialisation de votre Mac. 1. Utiliser Time Machine pour la sauvegarde. 2. Utiliser icloud pour la sauvegarde. 3. Utiliser le disque dur pour la sauvegarde. Bonjour encore besoin de votre aide comment faire pour transfĂ©rer les courses de la Feuil "Fin" uniquement celle avec des Ă©motionne vert comme l'exemple sur la feuille "mes jeux" merci d'avance pour votre aide Quefaire avant de transfĂ©rer des donnĂ©es d’un ancien Mac vers un nouveau ? Vos 2 Mac doivent pouvoir s’allumer et le nouveau devra avoir TimeMachine est la solution de sauvegarde maison dĂ©veloppĂ©e par Apple.IntĂ©grĂ© nativement depuis Mac OS 10.5 (Leopard), cet outil de sauvegarde pour Mac se distingue par son interface simple et intuitive. Ainsi, les contenus tels que des documents, vidĂ©os et mĂȘme les applications sont transfĂ©rĂ©s sur un disque lisible.. Utilisable Ă  partir d’un disque dur USB ou Tutorielpour transfĂ©rer les donnĂ©es depuis iPhone Ă  Mac Étape 1 : TĂ©lĂ©charger et installer EelPhone Transfert iPhone sur votre ordinateur Mac Remarque : Avant de transfĂ©rer les donnĂ©es, veuillez installer d'abord iTunes sur votre Mac. Étape 2 : Lancer le logiciel et connecter iPhone Ă  Mac Une fois que vous avez accompli l'installation, dĂ©clenchez EelPhone iCloud DĂ©placer vos donnĂ©es iCloud d'un identifiant Apple vers un autre est plus facile sur un ordinateur que sur un appareil iOS. En effet, certains aspects du dĂ©placement ne peuvent ĂȘtre effectuĂ©s que sur un ordinateur. Cependant, quel que soit l'appareil sur lequel vous choisissez de dĂ©placer vos donnĂ©es, vous devez le faire en C9l4OA. All Macs begin to slow down with age — MacBook Pro, iMac, it doesn’t matter. Performing several heavy tasks at a time, your Mac may get slower, and it’s okay. Although, when you’re facing unresponsive windows and slow load time more often these days, your Mac definitely needs a boost. In this article, we’ll explain why your Mac gets slow and tell you what you can do to fix it. Why is my Mac so slow? One explanation is modern browsers are getting more memory-demanding. Chrome alone is an astronomical wormhole that recycles tons of user data per second, extensively using CPU and making your MacBook slow. The second reason is apps and our increasing app usage. These shiny new tools want a chunk of your Mac’s memory which, in the end, is finite. And finally, our hard drives are getting full as we create more videos and photos. In a nutshell, the reason for any MacBook or iMac getting slow is data overload. If your MacBook is running slowly, you've come to the right place. We’ve found the 20 best ways on how to make your Mac faster. Some work better than others depending on your Mac but we’ll show you all of them and you can decide for yourself how to make your slow Mac faster. Your hard drive is getting fullBrowser is full of junkYour storage is not optimizedUser profile issuesOutdated macOSVisual overloadStartup is slowing you downSMC-settings are corruptedBackground appsYou are out of free RAMYou've got old hardwareSlow keyboard responseYour photo library is too heavyYour Mac wakes up slowlyYour Mac is overheatingBroken or conflicting permissionsYou have too many unused appsPiles of large and old filesCluttered desktopToo many open windows 1. Your hard drive is getting full Nothing slows down a Mac more than having too much on your hard drive. If you can lighten the load on your Mac, you’re sure to see an increase in speed. How to fix it Clean up your hard drive Unfortunately, this isn’t as easy as it sounds. Cleaning up old movie files, organizing your Desktop, and searching your Mac for old files you don’t need is the easy part. However, the hard part is cleaning up your system, and figuring out all the stuff that can be safely removed for more space. The best option is to use a Mac cleanup tool, like CleanMyMac X. It cleans up your entire Mac, the easy stuff and the hard stuff. It knows what to clean and where to clean, and is incredibly safe to use. It removes caches, logs, language packs, and more to help you speed up your Mac. Here's how Download CleanMyMac X for free and launch the to System Scan. Once the scan is completed, hit the Clean button to remove junk. Or, click Review Details to check what files are going to be deleted. Done! 2. Your storage is not optimized Apple developers have already anticipated the problem with slow-running Macs. You can easily find their helpful recommendations on managing and optimizing your Mac’s storage. Here’s how you can reveal some useful advice Click the Apple menu and select About This Mac. Here choose the Storage tab and select the new window that opens, you will see some suggestions. How to fix it Manage your files and data You can transfer your files and data to iCloud to save up some space on your Mac. Just click Store in iCloud and choose files you want to save to iCloud storage. Another helpful tip is to optimize storage on your Mac by removing large files such as Apple TV films and TV shows. To make sure your Trash is not cluttered with old junk, you can set up Empty Trash Automatically. You could also give a swift look at your documents and remove the items that are piling up. You can do this by clicking Review Files. 3. Outdated macOS Your Mac’s OS is extremely important to how it performs. An older OS typically runs slower — that’s why Apple releases new macOS every year or so. How to fix it Update your macOS Having the latest macOS version is good practice the latest version right now is macOS Monterey. Don’t think of it as adding more junk to your already slow Mac — think of it as new software that makes your Mac run more smoothly. So, to update your macOS and speed up your Mac, go to the Apple menu and click About This Mac. Then click Software Update. If a new version is available, update the software, and you’re good to go! If for some reason your Mac is running slow after the macOS Monterey update, don’t panic. It could happen that disk permissions are broken. You can repair them with CleanMyMac X. Download the app and go to the Maintenance tab, click “Repair Disk Permissions”. 4. Startup is slowing you down When you start your Mac, a lot of things load up in the background. Not only do they slow down your startup, but they continue to do so the whole time you’re on your Mac. How to fix it Manage your startup items Give your Mac a clean start and make macOS run faster. When you don't manage your startup items, it's like making your Mac run a sprint with a gigantic, book-filled backpack — it's going to take a bit longer for it to get moving, right? Lighten the load on your Mac. To turn off Login Items, go to your System Preferences > Users & Groups and then click your username. Now, click Login Items, select the application you don't need to launch during startup, and then click the "-" symbol located below the list to the left; this will remove the application from the list — the fewer applications on the list, the better. You can do all the routine actions we've discussed above yourself, or just download CleanMyMac X and get a faster Mac in a couple of minutes. Open CleanMyMac Optimization, click Login the box next to items you want to Quit. This should help out a ton with speeding up your slow Mac. 5. Too much running in the background When you’ve got too much running in the background, your Mac can’t even handle simple tasks. How to fix it End processes with Activity Monitor Activity Monitor will show you what processes are using up your system resources. Quitting an app that’s taking up a lot of processing power could make a huge difference in speeding up your slow Mac. Open up your Applications folder and then your Utilities folder. Here you’ll find the Activity Monitor, open it. Check out the list of apps and processes that are happening on your Mac in real-time. Pretty complex, eh? From here, you can see what’s causing trouble with your Mac. Click on the Memory tab at the top, then the Memory filter at the top of the list; this sorts the programs by the amount of space they’re taking up on your Mac RAM. The higher the number, the more power they need. Stop an app from operating by clicking on the app in the list and then clicking the gray “x” icon located at the top-left corner of the window. Don’t remove anything you don’t know! 6. You’ve got old hardware Sadly, your Mac may just be too old to fix. When your Mac hardware gets too old, your speed drops drastically and you can do little to fix it without taking some serious measures. Tip To check how much RAM you have on your Mac, click the Apple menu > About This Mac. Here, click System Report and select Memory from the left-side menu. How to fix it Upgrade your hardware You’ve done all the stuff above, and your Mac is still running slowly. It’s time to look into upgrading your hardware. Unfortunately, this can be a bit pricey, and some Macs are beyond help kidding
 some just can’t be upgraded. The most straightforward way is to replace your current hard drive with an SSD disk. You should shoot for at least 240-256 GB of storage space. You will need to open your MacBook's bottom case and replace it with the newly bought SSD drive. Additionally, look into buying more RAM. Something around 4 GB is no longer enough by 2021 standards. You can buy China-produced 8 GB RAM card for around $30. If your MacBook originally had 4 GB of RAM, this should make it 12 GB in total, which is a pretty solid amount nowadays. 7. Your photo library is too heavy How many gigabytes of photos are there on your drive? 5 GB, 10 GB, have any idea? That’s exactly the point. We seldom bother to check how many photos we have collected over the years. In any case, there will be more than you expect. This results in a lagging computer because your hard drive space is quickly vanishing. How to fix it Move your pics to an external drive Not only does this get you a few gigabytes of extra space, but it also motivates you to put your photo library in order. Better late than never. You may transfer your photo library to Google Drive or Dropbox, or move it to separate storage. How to do it Quit Photos Go to the external drive in the Finder to choose a new storage a new Finder window, locate your current Photos library. It is usually located in Users > [username] > Pictures. Drag and drop your library to its new destination. After your library is copied and you’ve checked that it opens from the new destination you may delete your current library to save disk space. 8. Your Mac is overheating Our Macs manage to handle the most intensive tasks, but when there’re too many CPU-heavy processes active, your Mac may start overheating. If you notice that your Mac’s getting hotter, your browser is the first thing to check. How to fix it Manage your browser tabs Browser tabs are probably the most resource-intensive processes on your Mac if they are open, they are continuously running and consuming RAM and CPU resources. The best way to stop Mac overheating is to close all tabs that you’re not currently using. Bookmark the pages you’ll need to come back to them later. In Safari, click the Share button > Add Bookmark > Add. TipIf your Mac is constantly overheating, closing browser tabs may not be enough to fix the problem. Usually, there are other CPU-heavy processes to blame. CleanMyMac X has a useful Menu that helps monitor and disable apps that consume a lot of CPU resources. It also shows your CPU temperature to help prevent overheating. 9. You have too many unused apps As your Mac may be behaving slowly due to storage issues, it’s good to check whether you have some free space left. Unused apps are the biggest space-wasters. All of us download applications that seem helpful and exciting at first but turn to clutter up our disk instead of being used frequently. How to fix it Uninstall unused apps So, it’s time to get rid of those, or at least honestly tell yourself which ones you don’t use anymore. Open Finder and navigate to the Go the drop-down list, select Applications. You will see all applications installed on your Mac. Organize the list by size to reveal the largest apps. Right-click on the app and select Move to Bin. Mind the fact that if you delete the apps, the chances are that some leftover files will remain on your Mac. That’s why it’s a good idea to clean your machine of such remnants with dedicated tools like CleanMyMac X. Its Uninstaller module shows how many apps you have and gathers all leftovers in one tab – so you can quickly delete them. If you don’t want to delete apps, you can quit them and therefore stop your CPU from wasting the resources on these programs. Click the Apple menu and select Force Quit. This will launch the Force Quit your active apps will be listed in the window that appears. Select the app you don’t Force Quit and confirm. Now, these apps won't be using your Mac's power in the background. 10. Cluttered desktop If you use your desktop as a file dump, it’s high time for a cleanup. Not many people know this, but every desktop icon is, in fact, a little active window that your macOS has to render and process. If there are myriads of icons, no wonder your Mac is slow. How to fix it Plow through your desktop items To make your Mac run faster, organize files on your desktop into separate folders. Right-click on your desktop and select Use Stacks. Then, you can move them to another location. Never hesitate to send to Trash things you rarely use, like apps you had downloaded months ago. Cleaning the desktop isn’t the funniest job in the world, but it does pay off in terms of adding speed to your Mac. 11. Browser is full of junk Most of us use our Macs online 90% of the time. In other words, if your browser is slow, your Mac will be slow too. Even the fastest machine can be dragged down by hundreds of opened tabs and extensions. How to fix it Remove extensions to make your Mac run faster Hidden add-ons, plug-ins, and extensions often come disguised as free software. You download something and the next moment see weird search bars, pop-ups, and torrents of advertisements on your screen. Of course, there are perfectly legit extensions that extend what your browser can do, but every extension weighs on your Mac’s speed. And lastly, such tools may stealthily collect your data. How to remove Chrome extensions manually Launch a three-dot icon in the top-right More tools > Extensions. Then you’ll have a nice overview of all Chrome add-ons you have installed. You can either disable extensions or delete them completely, which is preferable especially when you don’t recognize what it is. How to remove Safari extensions manually Launch Safari > Preferences in the upper the Extensions the extensions you don’t need. Tip The rule of 9 tabs Many IT consultants recommend having no more than 9 browser open tabs at a time. This way, you won’t overload the browser, and the title for each tab will be perfectly visible. 12. Your user profile grew out of proportion All your user files and applications may over time become a heavy burden for your macOS. This is tied to your user account. It simply contains too many caches, cross-links, user logs — more than your Mac can chew. How to fix it Give yourself a “profile refresh” Though it sounds a bit radical, you can activate a new user profile. It is absolutely safe and is a bit like starting a new life. You will have to copy all the needed app files such as Preferences to the new user. As a result, your Mac may become much snappier. To create a new user Click the Apple logoGo to System Preferences > Users & Groups Click the Unlock icon Now, click “+” to add another user To transfer your important files from one account to another, you need to drop them into the Shared folder which is found on your hard drive. To find it, click on a Finder window, then navigate to Go > Computer > Macintosh HD > Users. Voila, you’ve found the Shared folder! 13. Visual overload Animations and rich graphics are extremely resource-hungry. We are not suggesting you should switch your Mac back to 1984-style simplicity. But in the case of a slow Mac, the less is sometimes more. How to fix it Cut down on animations Open System Preferences > Dock Disable the following items by unticking MagnificationAnimate opening applicationsAutomatically hide and show the Dock Next to "Minimize windows using" change Genie effect to Scale. The scale is a much simpler zoom and less taxing on memory. 14. SMC-settings are corrupted SMC stands for System Management Controller and manages a whole range of low-level functions of your Mac fans, lights, power, system volume, and other parameters. Quite often SMC preferences get broken and your Mac gets slow. How to fix it Reset SMC to factory settings If your Mac notebook has a T2 chip Turn off your and hold Shift + Control + Option keys for 7 holding all three keys, press and hold the power all four keys for another 7 a few seconds, and turn on your Mac. Tip To check if your Mac has a T2 chip go to the Apple menu > About This Mac. Now, click System Report. Choose Controller in the hardware section — if your Mac has a chip, there should be Apple T2 Security Chip on the right. If your Mac’s battery is removable Turn off your out the and hold the Power button for five the the Power button and start your Mac in a normal fashion. For non-removable batteries Shut down the Shift + Control + Option keys and the Power button down these keys for 10 go of the the Power button to start your Mac. How to reset SMC on iMac, Mac Pro and Mac Mini Shut down your a power for about 15 the power cord back a few seconds and turn on your Mac using the Power button. 15. You are out of free RAM RAM stands for Random Access Memory. This memory is like fuel for all your apps. That is the reason you often get a “Your system is out of application memory” message. One solution is to physically upgrade your RAM — a good idea if you have no more than 4 GB of RAM. But that is a time-consuming operation that will chip a few bucks off your wallet. Luckily, there is a shortcut. How to fix it Flush your RAM using Terminal You can perform this operation if your system urgently needs a fresh memory. This is often the case with media converters and video editors that consume all the RAM they can get. A native macOS tool, Terminal has a special command to release your available RAM. Go to Applications > Utilities > copy-paste the following command into the Terminal window sudo purgeEnter your user password to you’ll immediately see the results. Tip If you followed the tip from the previous section and downloaded CleanMyMac X, you should be able to perform another trick that proved quite effective on most Macs. From our experience, it does boost up the performance of many applications. 1. Launch CleanMyMac X. 2. Click the Maintenance tab. 3. Tick “Free Up RAM” Running this command helps to clear your Mac's memory with a few clicks. Try it and see how your Mac is doing. In the same app, there are also controls for your “Hung Applications” and “Heavy Memory Consumers” in the Optimization module— use them to disable your biggest memory hoggers. 16. Slow keyboard response An often-reported lag that could seriously alter your productivity. Sometimes, when you type, your keyboard would freeze for a fraction of a second. This lag usually affects the Notes app as well as Chrome. The issue is reportedly caused by outdated system caches that are responsible for keyboard performance. How to fix it Start your Mac in the Safe mode On Intel-based Macs Shut down your up your Mac and hold down the Shift go of the key when the login window in the Safe mode — take a note of your keyboard’s responseRestart your Mac in a normal way. On Apple silicon Macs Turn off your up your Mac and hold down the power the button when startup options your startup disk, then hold the Shift key and click “Continue in Safe Mode.”Log in to enter Safe mode. Entering the Safe mode erases lots of unneeded caches and repairs some software paths inside your macOS. Your Mac should perform better if you’ve followed the steps correctly. 17. Your Mac wakes up slowly If you don’t use your Mac for a while, it will eventually succumb to a standby mode to save some energy. Just as with humans, some Macs are more difficult to wake up than others — no matter what keys you are pressing your screen is still black. How to fix it Try a special Terminal hack Normally, the standby mode activates after 3 hours of no operation. You can prolong this time by using a command in the Terminal. What it does is change the standby threshold to 24 hours so your Mac takes a quick nap rather falls into a deep sleep. Open the Terminal application. Paste in the following command sudo pmset -a standbydelay 86400 Enter your system password. In order to reverse it, you will need to change the number in the above command to 10800. Bookmark this article so you don’t forget! 18. Broken or conflicting permissions Files on your Mac have permissions that determine which applications and services are allowed to access these files. Over time, permission problems occur, causing your macOS to lag, freeze and even crash. How to fix it Repair disk permissions macOS is able to address broken and conflicting permissions via the Disk Utility application Applications/Utilities. Once in Disk Utility, you need to highlight your startup disk and click on the First Aid tab. Now click on the Run button, then press Continue and your Mac will scour your drive, finding and fixing permissions so that next time an application needs that file, your Mac can find it immediately. Note Users with El Capitan OS X will notice that this option is not available anymore. This is because Apple has added SIP System Integrity Protection, which automatically repairs disk permissions. However, not all apps receive these automatic repairs. CleanMyMac X is able to repair all disk permissions thanks to its Maintenance Module. With CleanMyMac X you also gain the ability to run other powerful scripts that will optimize your Mac in a number of other areas as well. To fix broken and conflicting permissions with CleanMyMac X Download CleanMyMac X — a link to a free edition of the app Click Maintenance tab > Choose Repair Disk Permissions The utility will automatically take care of the rest. Fixing conflicting and broken permissions doesn’t get any easier than with CleanMyMac X. 19. Piles of old files There are two places that rarely get cleaned up on anybody’s Mac. That’s Caches and Downloads folders. As an outcome, your drive space shrinks and performance drops. How to fix it Clean up Caches and Downloads Cache files come in many flavours system cache, user cache, app-generated caches and more. User caches tied to your user account make up for about 70% of junk on your Mac. The manual deletion method involves a bit of clicking and typing. So here you are. Open Finder and click “Go to Folder” in the Go in ~/Library/Caches and press into each folder and delete its the Trash bin. Note It’s not recommended to remove the folders themselves, but only their insides. Now it is time to delete System caches. The path is the same but this time you should type in /Library/Caches without a ~ tilde sign Once again, the method is the same you locate the main cache folder and drill down into its sub-folders removing all the content stored there. Before you start, you can preemptively back up the Caches folder as meddling with cache folders can be risky. Now, let's move to Downloads. Open Finder, go to your Downloads and sort files by size. There you’ll probably encounter things you hardly remember downloading, like old movies or photo albums. Search for .DMG files in Downloads Move your media files to iCloudTransfer data to an external driveRemove duplicate files and folders For a bulletproof solution, you can clean out large and old files with CleanMyMac X. It scans your storage and quickly identifies large files that haven’t been opened for a while. You can then remove all those files at once. 20. Too many open windows If you didn’t know, the Finder is very memory-demanding. Unlike Windows, windows in Finder often overlap and go into the background. This is true for Preview, Mail, and many other apps. So you’re faced with dozens of open windows without even knowing where they are located. How to fix it Click “Merge All Windows” This lesser-known trick has been hiding in plain sight and will soon become your best weapon against windows overload. “Merge All Windows” works for Finder as well as Preview. You can find it inside the Window menu in the upper bar. Click FinderClick WindowClick “Merge All Windows” See what happened? All your scattered windows are now joined together in one. From there you can close them one by one thus saving your precious memory resources. Final thoughts on how to fix Mac running slow So we have run over the main methods to speed up a slow Mac. They all boil down to one simple idea give your Mac some space to breathe. Eventually, any Mac is going to fill up with all kinds of garbage that's consuming resources, memory and disk space. You can speed up your Mac either manually or use an app like CleanMyMac X which does 80% of things we’ve described in this article. More realistically, you will devise your own mix of automatic and manual solutions that will bring your Mac back to speed again. I. PrĂ©sentation Dans ce tutoriel, nous allons parler des principales mĂ©thodes de transfert de trame utilisĂ©es par les switchs de niveau 2 Layer 2 switch. Pour rappel, la couche 2 du modĂšle OSI est la couche de liaison qui utilise principalement les adresses MAC. Les entĂȘtes des trames au niveau deux sont composĂ©es de l'adresse MAC source du paquet, de l'adresse MAC destination sur laquelle le switch se base pour rĂ©orienter le paquet vers un port de sortie en lisant sa table ARP, d'une indication pour le protocole de niveau supĂ©rieur puis des "data" qui sont le corps de la trame. Il existe donc deux mĂ©thodes de transfert des trames au travers un switch de niveau 2 qui sont le cut-through et le store-and-forward. Nous allons ici dĂ©tailler leurs fonctionnements global, leurs avantages et leurs Le store and Forward Le store-and-forward qui signifie "Stocke et fait suivre" est une mĂ©thode de transmission des paquets qui permet d'obtenir une plus grande assurance et une vĂ©rification quant a l'intĂ©gritĂ© des trames reçues. Le switch va attendre d'avoir reçu l'intĂ©gralitĂ© de la trame pour la vĂ©rifier puis l'envoyer si aucune erreur n'est dĂ©tectĂ©e. Cette mĂ©thode se caractĂ©rise en deux points La vĂ©rification des erreurs Erreur Checking Il s'agit de la vĂ©rification des erreurs sur la trame entrante. ConcrĂštement, le switch va stocker la trame dans un buffer tampon en attendant qu'elle soit totalement reçue puis va effectuer une vĂ©rification sur le CRC Cycle Redundancy Check parfois appelĂ© FCS Frame Check Sequence. Pour information, le CRC est calculĂ© par la carte rĂ©seau Ă©mettrice qui envoi le paquet puis inclue Ă  la fin de la trame. A la rĂ©ception de la trame complĂšte par le switch, celui-ci va recalculĂ© le CRC du paquet puis le comparer au CRC prĂ©sent en fin de trame. Si aucune diffĂ©rence n'est observĂ©e, le switch considĂšre que le paquet est en bon Ă©tat et fait donc suivre le paquet. Sinon, il jette le paquet drop. La mise en tampon automatique Automatic Buffering Cette caractĂ©ristique permet de supporter des diffĂ©rences de vitesse de lien entre les ports Ex un port d'entrĂ©e en 10Mbps et un port de sortie en 1Gbps. Le switch met le paquet dans un buffer tampon, il attend que celui-ci soit totalement reçu pour effectuer la vĂ©rification d'erreurs puis le fait suivre en le mettant dans le buffer du port de sortie et l'envoi ou alors le jette si la vĂ©rification n'est pas concluante. Cela peut permettre de ne pas encombrer le port de sortie avec l'attente de l'arrivĂ©e de la totalitĂ© d'un paquet ou la vĂ©rification de son CRC. III. Le Cut-through A l'inverse du store-and-forward, le cut-through qui signifie "couper Ă  travers" ne va pas attendre que le paquet soit totalement reçu avant de commencer Ă  le transfĂ©rer vers le port de sortie. DĂ©s la rĂ©ception de l'entĂȘte de la trame contenant l'adresse MAC de destination, le switch va lire sa table ARP, prendre la dĂ©cision de transfert vers quel port renvoyer le paquet puis envoyer le paquet par le port de sortie. Le cut-through se caractĂ©rise en deux points Ă©galement Le transfert rapide des trames Rapid Frame Forwarding Cela permet de dĂ©buter la transmission d'une trame dĂ©s la rĂ©ception de l'entĂȘte qui contient l'adresse MAC de destination sur laquelle se base un switch de niveau 2 pour faire suivre une trame. Pas besoin d'attendre le reste de la trame pour commencer Ă  l'envoyer par le port de sortie. Note Le cut-through peut avoir un impacte nĂ©gatif sur la bande passante. En effet, vu qu'il n'y a pas vĂ©rification d'erreur par le CRC des trames reçu, le switch peut trĂšs bien transmettre et faire passer des trames qui ne sont pas en bon Ă©tat et qui sont donc inutiles. Cela peut encombrer la bande passante avec des trames inutiles. Il faut toutefois souligner que les cartes rĂ©seaux NIC - Network interface controller/card n'acceptent pas les trames qui ne sont pas complĂštes. Fragment-free C'est une forme modifiĂ©e du cut-through basique. Le switch attend d'avoir reçu la fenĂȘtre de collision de 64 bits avant de faire suivre la trame sur le port de sortie. Cela permet de s'assurer de ne pas avoir de collision en attendant un laps de temps. Toutes les trames vont donc ĂȘtre vĂ©rifiĂ©e dans le champ de donnĂ©es pour s'assurer qu'aucune fragmentation n'a eu lieu. Cela permet d'avoir une meilleur vĂ©rification des erreurs que le cut-through classique avec presque pas de latence supplĂ©mentaire. On voit donc que le cut-through est plus appropriĂ© pour les rĂ©seaux et infrastructures nĂ©cessitant une performance trĂšs rapide. Un profil de Firefox conserve toutes vos donnĂ©es importantes, telles que les marque-pages, l’historique, les cookies et les mots de passe. Cet article explique comment copier les fichiers vers un nouveau profil, dresse la liste les fichiers importants dans le profil et dĂ©crit quelles informations sont conservĂ©es dans ces fichiers. Pour synchroniser et partager des donnĂ©es entre plusieurs profils et appareils, consultez les articles Configurer la synchronisation sur ordinateur et Comment choisir les informations Ă  synchroniser avec Firefox ? Pour basculer vers un autre profil pour rĂ©cupĂ©rer des donnĂ©es et des paramĂštres manquants, consultez l’article Restaurer des donnĂ©es manquantes aprĂšs une mise Ă  jour de Firefox. Note comme il est frĂ©quent que vos prĂ©fĂ©rences et extensions soient sources de problĂšmes, cet article n’explique pas comment les copier entre profils. Si vous suivez les Ă©tapes dĂ©crites dans cet article, il vous sera demandĂ© de rĂ©installer vos extensions et de reconfigurer vos prĂ©fĂ©rences de Firefox par la suite. Table des matiĂšres1 Sauvegarde de votre profil actuel2 CrĂ©er un nouveau profil de Firefox3 Copie de fichiers entre dossiers de profil4 Vos donnĂ©es importantes et leurs Les marque-pages, l’historique de navigation et des Mots de PrĂ©fĂ©rences spĂ©cifiques des Moteurs de Dictionnaire Historique de la saisie Options de certificat de Types de fichier et actions de tĂ©lĂ©chargement Sauvegarde de votre profil actuel Avant de commencer, il est recommandĂ© de faire une sauvegarde complĂšte de votre profil de Firefox existant en cas de problĂšme. Veuillez lire l’article Sauvegarder et restaurer les informations dans les profils de Firefox pour les instructions sur la maniĂšre de le faire. CrĂ©er un nouveau profil de Firefox Note cette Ă©tape n’est pas utile si vous possĂ©dez dĂ©jĂ  un nouveau profil de Firefox, par exemple, un profil que vous avez créé rĂ©cemment ou un profil dĂ©diĂ© Ă  une autre installation de connaĂźtre la procĂ©dure de crĂ©ation d’un tout nouveau profil de Firefox, consultez l’article Gestionnaire de profils – crĂ©er, supprimer et changer les profils de Firefox. Copie de fichiers entre dossiers de profil Important Firefox doit ĂȘtre fermĂ© pendant la copie des fichiers entre dossiers de profil. L’étape 1 fait rĂ©fĂ©rence Ă  votre ancien » profil, le profil contenant les donnĂ©es que vous voulez copier dans un nouveau profil. Si vous ne pouvez pas ouvrir un profil depuis Firefox, voir cet article pour trouver votre profil sans ouvrir Firefox. Ouvrez votre dossier de profil Cliquez sur le bouton menu puis sur et choisissez .Dans le menu , sĂ©lectionnez . L’onglet Informations de dĂ©pannage s’ouvre. Sous la section ParamĂštres de base de l’application dans la ligne DossierRĂ©pertoire de profil, cliquez sur le bouton Ouvrir le dossier correspondantAfficher dans le FinderOuvrir le rĂ©pertoire correspondant. Une fenĂȘtre contenant votre dossier de profil s’ dossier de profil s’ouvre. Cliquez sur le bouton de menu de Firefox et sĂ©lectionnez Cliquez sur le menu en haut de l’écran et sĂ©lectionnez Faites un clic droitMaintenez la touche contrĂŽle enfoncĂ©e pendant que vous cliquez sur un fichier que vous voulez copier et choisissez Ouvrez votre nouveau dossier de profil de Firefox comme indiquĂ© Ă  l’étape 1 ci-dessus. Faites un clic droitMaintenez la touche contrĂŽle enfoncĂ©e pendant que vous cliquez dans le dossier de profil et choisissez RĂ©pĂ©tez les Ă©tapes 3 Ă  5 pour chaque fichier que vous voulez transfĂ©rer vers votre nouveau dossier de profil. En copiant vos donnĂ©es personnelles d’un ancien profil de Firefox vers un nouveau, il est possible que vous copiiez le fichier qui cause le problĂšme en question ! Plus vous copiez de fichiers, plus vous augmentez le risque que cela arrive. Il est en consĂ©quence recommandĂ© de copier uniquement une petite quantitĂ© de fichiers, ceux contenant les donnĂ©es les plus importantes que vous souhaitez conserver. ne copier que quelques fichiers Ă  la fois, en vĂ©rifiant Ă  chaque fois si le problĂšme que vous tentez de rĂ©soudre n’est pas revenu. Note par dĂ©faut, Windows cache le dossier AppData oĂč Firefox conserve votre profil. Pour paramĂ©trer Windows de façon Ă  ce qu’il affiche les fichiers et dossiers cachĂ©s, consultez l’article Afficher les fichiers cachĂ©s de l’aide de Windows. Vos donnĂ©es importantes et leurs fichiers Les marque-pages, l’historique de navigation et des tĂ©lĂ©chargements Ce fichier contient tous vos marque-pages de Firefox, la liste des fichiers que vous avez tĂ©lĂ©chargĂ©s et celle des sites web que vous avez rĂ©cemment visitĂ©s. Pour davantage d’informations, consultez l’article Les marque-pages dans Firefox. Ce fichier conserve toutes les icĂŽnes des sites. Il vaut mieux rĂ©cupĂ©rer ce fichier Ă©galement lors de la rĂ©cupĂ©ration du fichier Mots de passe Vos mots de passe sont stockĂ©s dans deux fichiers diffĂ©rents, les deux Ă©tant nĂ©cessaires Ce fichier enregistre votre base de donnĂ©es des clĂ©s pour vos mots de passe. Pour transfĂ©rer des mots de passe enregistrĂ©s, vous devez copier ce fichier avec le suivant. Informations chiffrĂ©es concernant vos identifiants et mots de passe enregistrĂ©s. Pour davantage d’informations, consultez l’article Gestionnaire de mots de passe – retenir, supprimer et changer les mots de passe enregistrĂ©s dans Firefox. PrĂ©fĂ©rences spĂ©cifiques des sites Ce fichier conserve un grand nombre de permissions de Firefox accordĂ©es ou dĂ©niĂ©es site par site. Par exemple, il enregistre quels sites sont autorisĂ©s ou empĂȘchĂ©s de placer des cookies, d’installer des extensions, d’afficher des popups fenĂȘtres surgissantes, etc. Moteurs de recherche Ce fichier contient les donnĂ©es des moteurs de recherche installĂ©s par l’utilisateur. Pour davantage d’informations, consultez l’article Ajouter ou supprimer un moteur de recherche dans Firefox. Dictionnaire personnel Ce fichier enregistre les mots que vous avez ajoutĂ©s dans le dictionnaire de Firefox. Si vous n’avez ajoutĂ© aucun mot au dictionnaire de Firefox, alors vous n’avez pas ce fichier. Pour plus d’informations, consultez l’article Comment utiliser le correcteur orthographique de Firefox Historique de la saisie automatique Ce fichier retient ce que vous avez recherchĂ© dans la barre de recherche de Firefox et quelles informations vous avez entrĂ©es dans les formulaires des sites web. Pour davantage d’informations, consultez l’article ContrĂŽler le remplissage automatique des formulaires par Firefox. Cookies Les cookies sont utilisĂ©s par les sites web pour plusieurs raisons, certains d’entre eux ont la capacitĂ© de vous maintenir connectĂ© Ă  un site qui vous a demandĂ© un identifiant, d’autres mĂ©morisent les prĂ©fĂ©rences qu’un site web vous a permis de configurer, ou bien vous identifient aprĂšs avoir visitĂ© un site web particulier auparavant, etc. Options de certificat de sĂ©curitĂ© Ce fichier conserve toutes vos options de certificat de sĂ©curitĂ© et les certificats SSL que vous avez importĂ©s dans Firefox. Types de fichier et actions de tĂ©lĂ©chargement Ce fichier stocke vos prĂ©fĂ©rences en rapport avec ce que fait Firefox lorsqu’il rencontre des types de fichiers connus, comme enregistrer un fichier ou l’ouvrir avec une action spĂ©cifique. Pour davantage d’informations, consultez l’article GĂ©rer les types de fichiers et les actions de tĂ©lĂ©chargement avec Firefox. Ces personnes ont aidĂ© Ă  Ă©crire cet article Participer DĂ©veloppez et partagez votre expertise avec les autres. RĂ©pondez aux questions et amĂ©liorez notre base de connaissances. En savoir plus

changer de mac transfert des données